Automated systems

An automated system is a technology-driven integration of hardware and software designed to execute tasks, make rule-based decisions, and control processes with minimal or no human intervention. Unlike manual labor, it replaces human control and decision-making by relying on predefined rules, sensors, and programmed logic to operate consistently and efficiently. The Core Control Loop

Every basic automated system operates on a continuous loop consisting of three structural phases:

Sensors (Input): Collect physical data from the environment, such as temperature, pressure, light, or proximity.

Controllers (Processing): Serve as the “brain,” using microprocessors or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) to process sensor data against predefined rules.

Actuators (Output): Execute physical actions based on instructions, such as opening a valve, turning on a motor, or flashing an alert. The 4 Major Types of Automation Systems

Depending on production flexibility and design, industrial and software automation systems generally fall into four categories: Automation System – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics